diff --git a/SConstruct b/SConstruct
index 3e069faa2..e49d993ad 100644
--- a/SConstruct
+++ b/SConstruct
@@ -1715,6 +1715,9 @@ if not preconfigured:
         debug_defines = ['-DDEBUG', '-DMAPNIK_DEBUG']
         ndebug_defines = ['-DNDEBUG']
 
+        # faster compile
+        # http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_47_0/libs/spirit/doc/html/spirit/what_s_new/spirit_2_5.html#spirit.what_s_new.spirit_2_5.breaking_changes
+        env.Append(CPPDEFINES = '-DBOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS=1 -DBOOST_PHOENIX_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS=1')
         # c++11 support / https://github.com/mapnik/mapnik/issues/1683
         #  - upgrade to PHOENIX_V3 since that is needed for c++11 compile
         env.Append(CPPDEFINES = '-DBOOST_SPIRIT_USE_PHOENIX_V3=1')
diff --git a/src/box2d.cpp b/src/box2d.cpp
index 3af4d1df2..b4cea771d 100644
--- a/src/box2d.cpp
+++ b/src/box2d.cpp
@@ -342,9 +342,9 @@ void box2d<T>::pad(T padding)
 template <typename T>
 bool box2d<T>::from_string(std::string const& str)
 {
-    using boost::spirit::qi::lit;
-    using boost::spirit::qi::double_;
-    using boost::spirit::ascii::space;
+    boost::spirit::qi::lit_type lit;
+    boost::spirit::qi::double_type double_;
+    boost::spirit::ascii::space_type space;
     bool r = boost::spirit::qi::phrase_parse(str.begin(),
                                              str.end(),
                                              double_ >> -lit(',') >> double_ >> -lit(',')
diff --git a/src/color.cpp b/src/color.cpp
index 65f178825..7243a240c 100644
--- a/src/color.cpp
+++ b/src/color.cpp
@@ -44,20 +44,20 @@ color::color(std::string const& str)
 std::string color::to_string() const
 {
     namespace karma = boost::spirit::karma;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_1;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::eps;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::double_;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::string;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_1_type _1;
+    boost::spirit::karma::eps_type eps;
+    boost::spirit::karma::double_type double_;
+    boost::spirit::karma::string_type kstring;
     boost::spirit::karma::uint_generator<uint8_t,10> color_generator;
     std::string str;
     std::back_insert_iterator<std::string> sink(str);
     karma::generate(sink,
                     // begin grammar
-                    string[ phoenix::if_(alpha()==255) [_1="rgb("].else_[_1="rgba("]]
+                    kstring[ phoenix::if_(alpha()==255) [_1="rgb("].else_[_1="rgba("]]
                     << color_generator[_1 = red()] << ','
                     << color_generator[_1 = green()] << ','
                     << color_generator[_1 = blue()]
-                    << string[ phoenix::if_(alpha()==255) [_1 = ')'].else_[_1 =',']]
+                    << kstring[ phoenix::if_(alpha()==255) [_1 = ')'].else_[_1 =',']]
                     << eps(alpha()<255) << double_ [_1 = alpha()/255.0]
                     << ')'
                     // end grammar
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ std::string color::to_string() const
 std::string color::to_hex_string() const
 {
     namespace karma = boost::spirit::karma;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_1;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::hex;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::eps;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::right_align;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_1_type _1;
+    boost::spirit::karma::hex_type hex;
+    boost::spirit::karma::eps_type eps;
+    boost::spirit::karma::right_align_type right_align;
     std::string str;
     std::back_insert_iterator<std::string> sink(str);
     karma::generate(sink,
diff --git a/src/color_factory.cpp b/src/color_factory.cpp
index 5ede3e60e..3199ed971 100644
--- a/src/color_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/color_factory.cpp
@@ -29,10 +29,6 @@
 // boost
 #include <boost/version.hpp>
 
-// stl
-#include <sstream>
-
-
 namespace mapnik {
 
 color parse_color(std::string const& str)
@@ -45,19 +41,18 @@ color parse_color(std::string const& str,
                   css_color_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> const& g)
 {
     color c;
-
     std::string::const_iterator first = str.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator last =  str.end();
-    
+    boost::spirit::ascii::space_type space;
     // boost 1.41 -> 1.44 compatibility, to be removed in mapnik 2.1 (dane)
 #if BOOST_VERSION >= 104500
     bool result = boost::spirit::qi::phrase_parse(first, last, g,
-                                                  boost::spirit::ascii::space,
+                                                  space,
                                                   c);
 #else
     mapnik::css css_;
     bool result = boost::spirit::qi::phrase_parse(first, last, g,
-                                                  boost::spirit::ascii::space, 
+                                                  space, 
                                                   css_);
     c.set_red(css_.r);
     c.set_green(css_.g);
@@ -67,9 +62,13 @@ color parse_color(std::string const& str,
 #endif
 
     if (result && (first == last))
+    {
         return c;
+    }
     else
+    {
         throw config_error( "Failed to parse color: \"" + str + "\"" );
+    }
 }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/conversions.cpp b/src/conversions.cpp
index c4abfff54..5e7353cc0 100644
--- a/src/conversions.cpp
+++ b/src/conversions.cpp
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ namespace util {
 
 using namespace boost::spirit;
 
-BOOST_SPIRIT_AUTO(qi, INTEGER, qi::int_)
+BOOST_SPIRIT_AUTO(qi, INTEGER, qi::int_type())
 #ifdef BIGINT
-BOOST_SPIRIT_AUTO(qi, LONGLONG, qi::long_long)
+BOOST_SPIRIT_AUTO(qi, LONGLONG, qi::long_long_type())
 #endif
-BOOST_SPIRIT_AUTO(qi, FLOAT, qi::float_)
-BOOST_SPIRIT_AUTO(qi, DOUBLE, qi::double_)
+BOOST_SPIRIT_AUTO(qi, FLOAT, qi::float_type())
+BOOST_SPIRIT_AUTO(qi, DOUBLE, qi::double_type())
 
 struct bool_symbols : qi::symbols<char,bool>
 {
@@ -82,75 +82,85 @@ struct bool_symbols : qi::symbols<char,bool>
 
 bool string2bool(const char * iter, const char * end, bool & result)
 {
-    using boost::spirit::qi::no_case;
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end, no_case[bool_symbols()] ,ascii::space,result);
+    boost::spirit::qi::no_case_type no_case;
+    ascii::space_type space;
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,no_case[bool_symbols()],space,result);
     return r && (iter == end);
 }
 
 bool string2bool(std::string const& value, bool & result)
 {
-    using boost::spirit::qi::no_case;
+    boost::spirit::qi::no_case_type no_case;
+    ascii::space_type space;
     std::string::const_iterator str_beg = value.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator str_end = value.end();
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,no_case[bool_symbols()],ascii::space,result);
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,no_case[bool_symbols()],space,result);
     return r && (str_beg == str_end);
 }
 
 bool string2int(const char * iter, const char * end, int & result)
 {
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,INTEGER,ascii::space,result);
+    ascii::space_type space;
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,INTEGER,space,result);
     return r && (iter == end);
 }
 
 bool string2int(std::string const& value, int & result)
 {
+    ascii::space_type space;
     std::string::const_iterator str_beg = value.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator str_end = value.end();
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,INTEGER,ascii::space,result);
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,INTEGER,space,result);
     return r && (str_beg == str_end);
 }
 
 #ifdef BIGINT
 bool string2int(const char * iter, const char * end, mapnik::value_integer & result)
 {
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,LONGLONG,ascii::space,result);
+    ascii::space_type space;
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,LONGLONG,space,result);
     return r && (iter == end);
 }
 
 bool string2int(std::string const& value, mapnik::value_integer & result)
 {
+    ascii::space_type space;
     std::string::const_iterator str_beg = value.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator str_end = value.end();
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,LONGLONG,ascii::space,result);
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,LONGLONG,space,result);
     return r && (str_beg == str_end);
 }
 #endif
 
 bool string2double(std::string const& value, double & result)
 {
+    ascii::space_type space;
     std::string::const_iterator str_beg = value.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator str_end = value.end();
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,DOUBLE,ascii::space,result);
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,DOUBLE,space,result);
     return r && (str_beg == str_end);
 }
 
 bool string2double(const char * iter, const char * end, double & result)
 {
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,DOUBLE,ascii::space,result);
+    ascii::space_type space;
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,DOUBLE,space,result);
     return r && (iter == end);
 }
 
 bool string2float(std::string const& value, float & result)
 {
+    ascii::space_type space;
     std::string::const_iterator str_beg = value.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator str_end = value.end();
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,FLOAT,ascii::space,result);
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,FLOAT,space,result);
     return r && (str_beg == str_end);
 }
 
 bool string2float(const char * iter, const char * end, float & result)
 {
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,FLOAT,ascii::space,result);
+    ascii::space_type space;
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter,end,FLOAT,space,result);
     return r && (iter == end);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/expression.cpp b/src/expression.cpp
index 49efb0d83..7436c2dc6 100644
--- a/src/expression.cpp
+++ b/src/expression.cpp
@@ -43,10 +43,11 @@ expression_ptr parse_expression(std::string const& str, std::string const& encod
 expression_ptr parse_expression(std::string const& str,
                                 mapnik::expression_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> const& g)
 {
+    boost::spirit::standard_wide::space_type space;
     expression_ptr node = std::make_shared<expr_node>();
     std::string::const_iterator itr = str.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator end = str.end();
-    bool r = boost::spirit::qi::phrase_parse(itr, end, g, boost::spirit::standard_wide::space, *node);
+    bool r = boost::spirit::qi::phrase_parse(itr, end, g, space, *node);
     if (r && itr == end)
     {
         return node;
diff --git a/src/feature_style_processor.cpp b/src/feature_style_processor.cpp
index fd79e13a7..8b937c25b 100644
--- a/src/feature_style_processor.cpp
+++ b/src/feature_style_processor.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,16 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#if defined(SVG_RENDERER)
+// FIXME: workaround incompatibility of karma with -DBOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS=1
+/*
+boost/spirit/repository/home/karma/directive/confix.hpp:49:23: error: no member named
+      'confix' in namespace 'boost::spirit::repository'
+    using repository::confix;
+*/
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
+#endif
+
 #include <mapnik/feature_style_processor_impl.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
diff --git a/src/image_filter_grammar.cpp b/src/image_filter_grammar.cpp
index f54e184be..9362c6ae8 100644
--- a/src/image_filter_grammar.cpp
+++ b/src/image_filter_grammar.cpp
@@ -38,28 +38,26 @@ template <typename Iterator, typename ContType>
 image_filter_grammar<Iterator,ContType>::image_filter_grammar()
     : image_filter_grammar::base_type(start)
 {
-    using qi::lit;
-    using qi::_val;
-    using qi::_1;
-    using qi::_a;
-    using qi::_b;
-    using qi::_c;
-    using qi::_d;
-    using qi::_e;
-    using qi::_f;
-    using qi::_g;
-    using qi::_h;
-    using qi::_r1;
-    using qi::eps;
-    using qi::char_;
-    using qi::lexeme;
-    using qi::double_;
-    using boost::spirit::ascii::string;
+    qi::lit_type lit;
+    qi::_val_type _val;
+    qi::_1_type _1;
+    qi::_a_type _a;
+    qi::_b_type _b;
+    qi::_c_type _c;
+    qi::_d_type _d;
+    qi::_e_type _e;
+    qi::_f_type _f;
+    qi::_g_type _g;
+    qi::_h_type _h;
+    qi::_r1_type _r1;
+    qi::eps_type eps;
+    qi::char_type char_;
+    qi::double_type double_;
     using phoenix::push_back;
     using phoenix::construct;
     using phoenix::at_c;
 #if BOOST_VERSION >= 104700
-    using qi::no_skip;
+    qi::no_skip_type no_skip;
     start = -(filter % no_skip[*char_(", ")])
         ;
 #else
diff --git a/src/image_filter_types.cpp b/src/image_filter_types.cpp
index 9ffa0ad91..27d968fce 100644
--- a/src/image_filter_types.cpp
+++ b/src/image_filter_types.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace filter {
 
 bool generate_image_filters(std::back_insert_iterator<std::string>& sink, std::vector<filter_type> const& filters)
 {
-    using boost::spirit::karma::stream;
+    boost::spirit::karma::stream_type stream;
     using boost::spirit::karma::generate;
     bool r = generate(sink, stream % ' ', filters);
     return r;
@@ -48,9 +48,10 @@ bool parse_image_filters(std::string const& filters, std::vector<filter_type>& i
     std::string::const_iterator end = filters.end();
     mapnik::image_filter_grammar<std::string::const_iterator,
                                  std::vector<mapnik::filter::filter_type> > filter_grammar;
+    boost::spirit::qi::ascii::space_type space;
     bool r = boost::spirit::qi::phrase_parse(itr,end,
                                              filter_grammar,
-                                             boost::spirit::qi::ascii::space,
+                                             space,
                                              image_filters);
     return r && itr==end;
 }
diff --git a/src/json/feature_collection_parser.cpp b/src/json/feature_collection_parser.cpp
index 8ff3ff27a..9ea228070 100644
--- a/src/json/feature_collection_parser.cpp
+++ b/src/json/feature_collection_parser.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ namespace mapnik { namespace json {
     {
 #if BOOST_VERSION >= 104700
         using namespace boost::spirit;
-        return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, *grammar_, standard_wide::space, features);
+        standard_wide::space_type space;
+        return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, *grammar_, space, features);
 #else
         std::ostringstream s;
         s << BOOST_VERSION/100000 << "." << BOOST_VERSION/100 % 1000  << "." << BOOST_VERSION % 100;
diff --git a/src/json/feature_grammar.cpp b/src/json/feature_grammar.cpp
index 4002b84ae..ae1eac7ad 100644
--- a/src/json/feature_grammar.cpp
+++ b/src/json/feature_grammar.cpp
@@ -38,30 +38,26 @@ feature_grammar<Iterator,FeatureType>::feature_grammar(generic_json<Iterator> &
       json_(json),
       put_property_(put_property(tr))
 {
-    using qi::lit;
-    using qi::long_long;
-    using qi::double_;
+    qi::lit_type lit;
+    qi::long_long_type long_long;
+    qi::double_type double_;
 #if BOOST_VERSION > 104200
-    using qi::no_skip;
+    qi::no_skip_type no_skip;
 #else
-    using qi::lexeme;
+    qi::lexeme_type lexeme;
 #endif
-    using standard_wide::char_;
-    using qi::_val;
-    using qi::_1;
-    using qi::_2;
-    using qi::_3;
-    using qi::_4;
-    using qi::_a;
-    using qi::_b;
-    using qi::_r1;
-    using qi::_r2;
+    standard_wide::char_type char_;
+    qi::_val_type _val;
+    qi::_1_type _1;
+    qi::_2_type _2;
+    qi::_3_type _3;
+    qi::_4_type _4;
+    qi::_a_type _a;
+    qi::_r1_type _r1;
+    qi::eps_type eps;
+
     using qi::fail;
     using qi::on_error;
-    using qi::_pass;
-    using qi::eps;
-    using qi::raw;
-
     using phoenix::new_;
     using phoenix::push_back;
     using phoenix::construct;
diff --git a/src/json/feature_parser.cpp b/src/json/feature_parser.cpp
index 95d561125..ad123bcb7 100644
--- a/src/json/feature_parser.cpp
+++ b/src/json/feature_parser.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ namespace mapnik { namespace json {
     {
 #if BOOST_VERSION >= 104700
         using namespace boost::spirit;
-        return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, (*grammar_)(boost::phoenix::ref(f)), standard_wide::space);
+        standard_wide::space_type space;
+        return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, (*grammar_)(boost::phoenix::ref(f)), space);
 #else
         std::ostringstream s;
         s << BOOST_VERSION/100000 << "." << BOOST_VERSION/100 % 1000  << "." << BOOST_VERSION % 100;
diff --git a/src/json/geometry_grammar.cpp b/src/json/geometry_grammar.cpp
index 7708ab17c..fcd400aef 100644
--- a/src/json/geometry_grammar.cpp
+++ b/src/json/geometry_grammar.cpp
@@ -41,20 +41,18 @@ geometry_grammar<Iterator>::geometry_grammar()
     : geometry_grammar::base_type(geometry,"geometry")
 {
 
-    using qi::lit;
-    using qi::int_;
-    using qi::double_;
-    using qi::_val;
-    using qi::_1;
-    using qi::_2;
-    using qi::_3;
-    using qi::_4;
-    using qi::_a;
-    using qi::_b;
-    using qi::_r1;
-    using qi::_r2;
-    using qi::eps;
-    using qi::_pass;
+    qi::lit_type lit;
+    qi::int_type int_;
+    qi::double_type double_;
+    qi::_1_type _1;
+    qi::_2_type _2;
+    qi::_3_type _3;
+    qi::_4_type _4;
+    qi::_a_type _a;
+    qi::_r1_type _r1;
+    qi::_r2_type _r2;
+    qi::eps_type eps;
+    qi::_pass_type _pass;
     using qi::fail;
     using qi::on_error;
     using boost::phoenix::new_;
diff --git a/src/json/geometry_parser.cpp b/src/json/geometry_parser.cpp
index f88177765..507a15782 100644
--- a/src/json/geometry_parser.cpp
+++ b/src/json/geometry_parser.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ bool geometry_parser<Iterator>::parse(iterator_type first, iterator_type last, b
 {
 #if BOOST_VERSION >= 104700
     using namespace boost::spirit;
-    return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, (*grammar_)(boost::phoenix::ref(path)), standard_wide::space);
+    standard_wide::space_type space;
+    return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, (*grammar_)(boost::phoenix::ref(path)), space);
 #else
     std::ostringstream s;
     s << BOOST_VERSION/100000 << "." << BOOST_VERSION/100 % 1000  << "." << BOOST_VERSION % 100;
diff --git a/src/load_map.cpp b/src/load_map.cpp
index bca484fb4..f60c2daa8 100644
--- a/src/load_map.cpp
+++ b/src/load_map.cpp
@@ -471,9 +471,10 @@ void map_parser::parse_style(Map & map, xml_node const& sty)
             std::string filter_str = *direct_filters;
             std::string::const_iterator itr = filter_str.begin();
             std::string::const_iterator end = filter_str.end();
+            boost::spirit::qi::ascii::space_type space;
             bool result = boost::spirit::qi::phrase_parse(itr,end,
                                                           sty.get_tree().image_filters_grammar,
-                                                          boost::spirit::qi::ascii::space,
+                                                          space,
                                                           style.direct_image_filters());
             if (!result || itr!=end)
             {
diff --git a/src/parse_path.cpp b/src/parse_path.cpp
index 214511114..26340988c 100644
--- a/src/parse_path.cpp
+++ b/src/parse_path.cpp
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ path_expression_ptr parse_path(std::string const& str,
                                path_expression_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> const& g)
 {
     path_expression path;
-
+    boost::spirit::standard_wide::space_type space;
     std::string::const_iterator itr = str.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator end = str.end();
-    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(itr, end, g, boost::spirit::standard_wide::space, path);
+    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(itr, end, g, space, path);
     if (r  && itr == end)
     {
         return std::make_shared<path_expression>(path); //path;
diff --git a/src/path_expression_grammar.cpp b/src/path_expression_grammar.cpp
index 048e5bf7f..0a3d92a2d 100644
--- a/src/path_expression_grammar.cpp
+++ b/src/path_expression_grammar.cpp
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ template <typename Iterator>
 path_expression_grammar<Iterator>::path_expression_grammar()
     : path_expression_grammar::base_type(expr)
 {
-    using boost::phoenix::construct;
-    using standard_wide::char_;
-    using qi::_1;
-    using qi::_val;
-    using qi::lit;
-    using qi::lexeme;
+    standard_wide::char_type char_;
+    qi::_1_type _1;
+    qi::_val_type _val;
+    qi::lit_type lit;
+    qi::lexeme_type lexeme;
     using phoenix::push_back;
+    using boost::phoenix::construct;
     
     expr =
         * (
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_building_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_building_symbolizer.cpp
index 23f602b17..e316998c6 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_building_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_building_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_line_pattern_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_line_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
index 42156c1d2..dd2db4560 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_line_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_line_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_line_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_line_symbolizer.cpp
index 6f2008408..9c8192b2a 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_line_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_line_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_markers_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_markers_symbolizer.cpp
index 67c1fe5ed..61e4c3e8b 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_markers_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_markers_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_point_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_point_symbolizer.cpp
index b737bf37e..1fc26a6c1 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_point_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_point_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
index f164044a9..c47357d4e 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_polygon_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_polygon_symbolizer.cpp
index 43ca9bdf8..c45b6188e 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_polygon_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_polygon_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_raster_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_raster_symbolizer.cpp
index a659fe58f..c4a07acd4 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_raster_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_raster_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_shield_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_shield_symbolizer.cpp
index 1fa981db6..04cdd230f 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_shield_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_shield_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_symbolizers.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_symbolizers.cpp
index 10de95982..5f765e140 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_symbolizers.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_symbolizers.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik {
diff --git a/src/svg/output/process_text_symbolizer.cpp b/src/svg/output/process_text_symbolizer.cpp
index 45bc8bf3b..356b085d0 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/process_text_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/process_text_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik
diff --git a/src/svg/output/svg_generator.cpp b/src/svg/output/svg_generator.cpp
index e5e2f7a84..d705ef378 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/svg_generator.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/svg_generator.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_generator.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/geometry.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/util/conversions.hpp>
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ namespace mapnik { namespace svg {
     template <typename OutputIterator>
     void svg_generator<OutputIterator>::generate_header()
     {
+        karma::lit_type lit;
         karma::generate(output_iterator_, lit("<?xml version=\"1.0\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n"));
         karma::generate(output_iterator_, lit("<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n"));
     }
@@ -50,12 +52,14 @@ namespace mapnik { namespace svg {
     void svg_generator<OutputIterator>::generate_opening_root(root_output_attributes const& root_attributes)
     {
         root_attributes_grammar attributes_grammar;
+        karma::lit_type lit;
         karma::generate(output_iterator_, lit("<svg ") << attributes_grammar << lit(">\n"), root_attributes);
     }
 
     template <typename OutputIterator>
     void svg_generator<OutputIterator>::generate_closing_root()
     {
+        karma::lit_type lit;
         karma::generate(output_iterator_, lit("</svg>"));
     }
 
@@ -63,6 +67,7 @@ namespace mapnik { namespace svg {
     void svg_generator<OutputIterator>::generate_rect(rect_output_attributes const& rect_attributes)
     {
         rect_attributes_grammar attributes_grammar;
+        karma::lit_type lit;
         karma::generate(output_iterator_, lit("<rect ") << attributes_grammar << lit("/>\n"), rect_attributes);
     }
 
@@ -70,6 +75,7 @@ namespace mapnik { namespace svg {
     void svg_generator<OutputIterator>::generate_opening_group(mapnik::value_integer val)
     {
         std::string string_val;
+        karma::lit_type lit;
         mapnik::util::to_string(string_val,val);
         karma::generate(output_iterator_, lit("<g id=\"")
                                             << lit(string_val)
@@ -84,6 +90,7 @@ namespace mapnik { namespace svg {
     template <typename OutputIterator>
     void svg_generator<OutputIterator>::generate_opening_group(std::string const& val)
     {
+        karma::lit_type lit;
         karma::generate(output_iterator_, lit("<g id=\"")
                                             << lit(val)
                                             << lit("\"")
@@ -97,6 +104,7 @@ namespace mapnik { namespace svg {
     template <typename OutputIterator>
     void svg_generator<OutputIterator>::generate_closing_group()
     {
+        karma::lit_type lit;
         karma::generate(output_iterator_, lit("</g>\n"));
     }
 
diff --git a/src/svg/output/svg_output_attributes.cpp b/src/svg/output/svg_output_attributes.cpp
index 544b280ad..9288e6567 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/svg_output_attributes.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/svg_output_attributes.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_output_attributes.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik { namespace svg {
diff --git a/src/svg/output/svg_renderer.cpp b/src/svg/output/svg_renderer.cpp
index b92347c25..ed4bd09b6 100644
--- a/src/svg/output/svg_renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/output/svg_renderer.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,14 @@
  *
  *****************************************************************************/
 
+// FIXME: workaround incompatibility of karma with -DBOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS=1
+/*
+boost/spirit/repository/home/karma/directive/confix.hpp:49:23: error: no member named
+      'confix' in namespace 'boost::spirit::repository'
+    using repository::confix;
+*/
+#undef BOOST_SPIRIT_NO_PREDEFINED_TERMINALS
+
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/debug.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/svg/output/svg_renderer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/svg/svg_parser.cpp b/src/svg/svg_parser.cpp
index 665e17d2d..e9ebc9059 100644
--- a/src/svg/svg_parser.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/svg_parser.cpp
@@ -80,10 +80,12 @@ struct key_value_sequence_ordered
     key_value_sequence_ordered()
         : key_value_sequence_ordered::base_type(query)
     {
-        query =  pair >> *( qi::lit(';') >> pair);
+        qi::lit_type lit;
+        qi::char_type char_;
+        query =  pair >> *( lit(';') >> pair);
         pair  =  key >> -(':' >> value);
-        key   =  qi::char_("a-zA-Z_") >> *qi::char_("a-zA-Z_0-9-");
-        value = +(qi::char_ - qi::lit(';'));
+        key   =  char_("a-zA-Z_") >> *char_("a-zA-Z_0-9-");
+        value = +(char_ - lit(';'));
     }
 
     qi::rule<Iterator, pairs_type(), SkipType> query;
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ agg::rgba8 parse_color(const char* str)
 double parse_double(const char* str)
 {
     using namespace boost::spirit::qi;
+    qi::double_type double_;
     double val = 0.0;
     parse(str, str + std::strlen(str),double_,val);
     return val;
@@ -121,7 +124,9 @@ double parse_double_optional_percent(const char* str, bool &percent)
 {
     using namespace boost::spirit::qi;
     using boost::phoenix::ref;
-    using qi::_1;
+    qi::_1_type _1;
+    qi::double_type double_;
+    qi::char_type char_;
 
     double val = 0.0;
     char unit='\0';
diff --git a/src/text/placements/simple.cpp b/src/text/placements/simple.cpp
index f590d9e45..02218b248 100644
--- a/src/text/placements/simple.cpp
+++ b/src/text/placements/simple.cpp
@@ -39,9 +39,7 @@ namespace mapnik
 namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
 namespace phoenix = boost::phoenix;
 using phoenix::push_back;
-using boost::spirit::ascii::space;
 using phoenix::ref;
-using qi::_1;
 
 bool text_placement_info_simple::next()
 {
@@ -140,10 +138,13 @@ void text_placements_simple::set_positions(std::string positions)
         }
 
     } direction_name;
+    boost::spirit::ascii::space_type space;
+    qi::_1_type _1;
+    qi::float_type float_;
 
     std::string::iterator first = positions.begin(),  last = positions.end();
     qi::phrase_parse(first, last,
-                     (direction_name[push_back(phoenix::ref(direction_), _1)] % ',') >> *(',' >> qi::float_[push_back(phoenix::ref(text_sizes_), _1)]),
+                     (direction_name[push_back(phoenix::ref(direction_), _1)] % ',') >> *(',' >> float_[push_back(phoenix::ref(text_sizes_), _1)]),
                      space
         );
     if (first != last)
diff --git a/src/transform_expression_grammar.cpp b/src/transform_expression_grammar.cpp
index 4c5ab6d0a..42ad47a5d 100644
--- a/src/transform_expression_grammar.cpp
+++ b/src/transform_expression_grammar.cpp
@@ -39,14 +39,17 @@ transform_expression_grammar<Iterator>::transform_expression_grammar(expression_
         : transform_expression_grammar::base_type(start)
 {
     using boost::phoenix::construct;
-    using qi::_a; using qi::_1; using qi::_4;
-    using qi::_b; using qi::_2; using qi::_5;
-    using qi::_c; using qi::_3; using qi::_6;
-    using qi::_val;
-    using qi::char_;
-    using qi::double_;
-    using qi::lit;
-    using qi::no_case;
+    qi::_1_type _1;
+    qi::_4_type _4;
+    qi::_2_type _2;
+    qi::_5_type _5;
+    qi::_3_type _3;
+    qi::_6_type _6;
+    qi::_val_type _val;
+    qi::char_type char_;
+    qi::double_type double_;
+    qi::lit_type lit;
+    qi::no_case_type no_case;
 
     // [http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/coords.html#TransformAttribute]
 
@@ -56,10 +59,10 @@ transform_expression_grammar<Iterator>::transform_expression_grammar(expression_
     // separated by whitespace and/or a comma.
 
 #if BOOST_VERSION > 104200
-    using qi::no_skip;
+    qi::no_skip_type no_skip;
     start = transform_ % no_skip[char_(", ")] ;
 #else
-    using qi::lexeme;
+    qi::lexeme_type lexeme;
     start = transform_ % lexeme[char_(", ")] ;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/wkt/wkt_factory.cpp b/src/wkt/wkt_factory.cpp
index 823965cf4..1b139ee20 100644
--- a/src/wkt/wkt_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/wkt/wkt_factory.cpp
@@ -44,9 +44,10 @@ wkt_parser::wkt_parser()
 bool wkt_parser::parse(std::string const& wkt, boost::ptr_vector<geometry_type> & paths)
 {
     using namespace boost::spirit;
+    ascii::space_type space;
     iterator_type first = wkt.begin();
     iterator_type last =  wkt.end();
-    return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, *grammar_, ascii::space, paths);
+    return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, *grammar_, space, paths);
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/wkt/wkt_generator.cpp b/src/wkt/wkt_generator.cpp
index cccb4c8d9..5443c7fc8 100644
--- a/src/wkt/wkt_generator.cpp
+++ b/src/wkt/wkt_generator.cpp
@@ -58,35 +58,35 @@ template <typename OutputIterator, typename Geometry>
 wkt_generator<OutputIterator, Geometry>::wkt_generator(bool single)
     : wkt_generator::base_type(wkt)
 {
-    using boost::spirit::karma::uint_;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_val;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_1;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::lit;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_a;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_b;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_c;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_r1;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::eps;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::string;
+    boost::spirit::karma::uint_type uint_;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_val_type _val;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_1_type _1;
+    boost::spirit::karma::lit_type lit;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_a_type _a;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_b_type _b;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_c_type _c;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_r1_type _r1;
+    boost::spirit::karma::eps_type eps;
+    boost::spirit::karma::string_type kstring;
 
     wkt = point | linestring | polygon
         ;
 
     point = &uint_(mapnik::geometry_type::types::Point)[_1 = _type(_val)]
-        << string[ phoenix::if_ (single) [_1 = "Point("]
+        << kstring[ phoenix::if_ (single) [_1 = "Point("]
                    .else_[_1 = "("]]
         << point_coord [_1 = _first(_val)] << lit(')')
         ;
 
     linestring = &uint_(mapnik::geometry_type::types::LineString)[_1 = _type(_val)]
-        << string[ phoenix::if_ (single) [_1 = "LineString("]
+        << kstring[ phoenix::if_ (single) [_1 = "LineString("]
                    .else_[_1 = "("]]
         << coords
         << lit(')')
         ;
 
     polygon = &uint_(mapnik::geometry_type::types::Polygon)[_1 = _type(_val)]
-        << string[ phoenix::if_ (single) [_1 = "Polygon("]
+        << kstring[ phoenix::if_ (single) [_1 = "Polygon("]
                    .else_[_1 = "("]]
         << coords2
         << lit("))")
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ wkt_generator<OutputIterator, Geometry>::wkt_generator(bool single)
 
     polygon_coord %= ( &uint_(mapnik::SEG_MOVETO)
                        << eps[_r1 += 1][_a  = _x(_val)][ _b = _y(_val)]
-                       << string[ if_ (_r1 > 1) [_1 = "),("]
+                       << kstring[ if_ (_r1 > 1) [_1 = "),("]
                                   .else_[_1 = "("]]
                        |
                        &uint_(mapnik::SEG_LINETO)
@@ -119,11 +119,11 @@ template <typename OutputIterator, typename GeometryContainer>
 wkt_multi_generator<OutputIterator, GeometryContainer>::wkt_multi_generator()
     : wkt_multi_generator::base_type(wkt)
 {
-    using boost::spirit::karma::lit;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::eps;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_val;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_1;
-    using boost::spirit::karma::_a;
+    boost::spirit::karma::lit_type lit;
+    boost::spirit::karma::eps_type eps;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_val_type _val;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_1_type _1;
+    boost::spirit::karma::_a_type _a;
 
     geometry_types.add
         (mapnik::geometry_type::types::Point,"Point")