diff --git a/benchmark/test_font_registration.cpp b/benchmark/test_font_registration.cpp
index 749f12232..0fd9f8d29 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_font_registration.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_font_registration.cpp
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-BENCHMARK(test,"font registration")
\ No newline at end of file
+BENCHMARK(test,"font registration")
diff --git a/benchmark/test_png_encoding1.cpp b/benchmark/test_png_encoding1.cpp
index 9c1005ef7..f6fc5a229 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_png_encoding1.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_png_encoding1.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "bench_framework.hpp"
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 
 class test : public benchmark::test_case
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping.cpp b/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping.cpp
index ad3dd3a75..dbc8701ce 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/vertex.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/transform_path_adapter.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/view_transform.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/wkt/wkt_factory.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/wkt/wkt_grammar_impl.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/geometry.hpp>
diff --git a/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping_rendering.cpp b/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping_rendering.cpp
index 0de0bb631..396cca1d8 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping_rendering.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping_rendering.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "bench_framework.hpp"
 #include <mapnik/map.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/load_map.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/datasource_cache.hpp>
 
diff --git a/benchmark/test_rendering.cpp b/benchmark/test_rendering.cpp
index c82b1a30d..b98705638 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_rendering.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_rendering.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/map.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/load_map.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/datasource_cache.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/font_engine_freetype.hpp>
diff --git a/benchmark/test_rendering_shared_map.cpp b/benchmark/test_rendering_shared_map.cpp
index 0c94b910c..df95db853 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_rendering_shared_map.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_rendering_shared_map.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/map.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/load_map.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/datasource_cache.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/font_engine_freetype.hpp>
diff --git a/bindings/python/mapnik_image.cpp b/bindings/python/mapnik_image.cpp
index d0e2abdf0..a85d0c149 100644
--- a/bindings/python/mapnik_image.cpp
+++ b/bindings/python/mapnik_image.cpp
@@ -35,14 +35,12 @@
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
 // mapnik
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/color.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/palette.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/image.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/image_view_any.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_reader.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_compositing.hpp>
+#include <mapnik/image_view_any.hpp>
 
 // cairo
 #if defined(HAVE_CAIRO) && defined(HAVE_PYCAIRO)
@@ -52,7 +50,6 @@
 #include <cairo.h>
 #endif
 
-using mapnik::image;
 using mapnik::image_data_any;
 using mapnik::image_reader;
 using mapnik::get_image_reader;
@@ -250,21 +247,6 @@ std::shared_ptr<image_data_any> from_cairo(PycairoSurface* py_surface)
 }
 #endif
 
-// ============ image any
-std::shared_ptr<image> read_from_file_impl(std::string const& filename)
-{
-    std::shared_ptr<image> img = std::make_shared<image>();
-    std::unique_ptr<image_reader> reader(get_image_reader(filename));
-    if (reader)
-    {
-        unsigned w = reader->width();
-        unsigned h = reader->height();
-        img->set_data(reader->read(0, 0, w, h));
-    }
-    return img;
-}
-// =========================
-
 void export_image()
 {
     using namespace boost::python;
@@ -308,14 +290,6 @@ void export_image()
         .value("divide", mapnik::divide)
         ;
 
-    class_<image, std::shared_ptr<image>, boost::noncopyable > ("ImageAny", "This class represents an any Image object", no_init)
-        .def("width",&image::width)
-        .def("height",&image::height)
-        .def("open", &read_from_file_impl)
-        .staticmethod("open")
-        .def("save",&image::save_to_file)
-        ;
-
     class_<image_data_any,std::shared_ptr<image_data_any>, boost::noncopyable >("Image","This class represents a 32 bit RGBA image.",init<int,int>())
         .def("width",&image_data_any::width)
         .def("height",&image_data_any::height)
diff --git a/bindings/python/mapnik_python.cpp b/bindings/python/mapnik_python.cpp
index 89e92519d..b285185bf 100644
--- a/bindings/python/mapnik_python.cpp
+++ b/bindings/python/mapnik_python.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ void export_logger();
 #include <mapnik/datasource.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/layer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/rule.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data_any.hpp>
diff --git a/bindings/python/mapnik_symbolizer.cpp b/bindings/python/mapnik_symbolizer.cpp
index ef23bdb98..2f4929229 100644
--- a/bindings/python/mapnik_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/bindings/python/mapnik_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/path_expression.hpp>
 #include "mapnik_enumeration.hpp"
 #include "mapnik_svg.hpp"
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/expression_node.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/value_error.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/marker_cache.hpp> // for known_svg_prefix_
diff --git a/demo/c++/rundemo.cpp b/demo/c++/rundemo.cpp
index dc3592b73..f30bee2b9 100644
--- a/demo/c++/rundemo.cpp
+++ b/demo/c++/rundemo.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/layer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/rule.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/feature_type_style.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/symbolizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/placements/dummy.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/text_properties.hpp>
diff --git a/demo/viewer/mapwidget.cpp b/demo/viewer/mapwidget.cpp
index 1c68eccde..8c389811e 100644
--- a/demo/viewer/mapwidget.cpp
+++ b/demo/viewer/mapwidget.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 #include <boost/bind.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/layer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/projection.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/scale_denominator.hpp>
diff --git a/include/mapnik/graphics.hpp b/include/mapnik/graphics.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9030cc5d5..000000000
--- a/include/mapnik/graphics.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-/*****************************************************************************
- *
- * This file is part of Mapnik (c++ mapping toolkit)
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2014 Artem Pavlenko
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- *
- *****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef MAPNIK_GRAPHICS_HPP
-#define MAPNIK_GRAPHICS_HPP
-
-// mapnik
-#include <mapnik/config.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/color.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/image_data.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/box2d.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/image_view.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/global.hpp>
-
-// stl
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <string>
-#include <memory>
-
-// boost
-#include <boost/optional/optional.hpp>
-
-namespace mapnik
-{
-
-class MAPNIK_DECL image_32
-{
-private:
-    image_data_rgba8 data_;
-    bool painted_;
-public:
-    using pixel_type = typename image_data_rgba8::pixel_type;
-    image_32(int width,int height);
-    image_32(image_32 const& rhs);
-    image_32(image_data_rgba8 && data);
-    ~image_32();
-
-    void painted(bool painted)
-    {
-        data_.painted(painted);
-    }
-
-    bool painted() const
-    {
-        return data_.painted();
-    }
-
-    inline const image_data_rgba8& data() const
-    {
-        return data_;
-    }
-
-    inline image_data_rgba8& data()
-    {
-        return data_;
-    }
-
-    inline const unsigned char* raw_data() const
-    {
-        return data_.getBytes();
-    }
-
-    inline unsigned char* raw_data()
-    {
-        return data_.getBytes();
-    }
-
-    inline image_view_rgba8 get_view(unsigned x,unsigned y, unsigned w,unsigned h)
-    {
-        return image_view_rgba8(x,y,w,h,data_);
-    }
-
-public:
-    inline unsigned width() const
-    {
-        return data_.width();
-    }
-
-    inline unsigned height() const
-    {
-        return data_.height();
-    }
-
-};
-}
-
-#endif // MAPNIK_GRAPHICS_HPP
diff --git a/include/mapnik/image.hpp b/include/mapnik/image.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d9ee28334..000000000
--- a/include/mapnik/image.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/*****************************************************************************
- *
- * This file is part of Mapnik (c++ mapping toolkit)
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2014 Artem Pavlenko
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- *
- *****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef MAPNIK_IMAGE_HPP
-#define MAPNIK_IMAGE_HPP
-
-#include <mapnik/image_data_any.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/config.hpp>
-
-namespace mapnik {
-
-class MAPNIK_DECL image
-{
-public:
-    image() = default;
-    inline std::size_t width() const { return data_.width(); }
-    inline std::size_t height() const { return data_.height(); }
-    void set_data(image_data_any && data);
-    inline image_data_any const& data() const { return data_;}
-    static image read_from_file(std::string const& filename);
-    void save_to_file(std::string const& filename, std::string const& format);
-private:
-    image(image && other) = default;
-    image(image_data_any && data) noexcept;
-    image_data_any data_;
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif // MAPNIK_IMAGE_HPP
diff --git a/src/agg/agg_renderer.cpp b/src/agg/agg_renderer.cpp
index d2683e115..5cfc4e2d4 100644
--- a/src/agg/agg_renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/agg_renderer.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_helpers.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/rule.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/debug.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/layer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_building_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_building_symbolizer.cpp
index d16816f61..ad2677113 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_building_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_building_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/make_unique.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data_any.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_debug_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_debug_symbolizer.cpp
index be3e6d9e7..76f425792 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_debug_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_debug_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data_any.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/symbolizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/label_collision_detector.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_dot_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_dot_symbolizer.cpp
index 7fe40a818..5de5e1501 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_dot_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_dot_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/symbolizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/symbolizer_keys.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/vertex.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/renderer_common.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_line_pattern_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_line_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
index cdace38c6..957fbe33a 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_line_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_line_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/debug.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data_any.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_line_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_line_symbolizer.cpp
index 3904f5f83..744dafd6b 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_line_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_line_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data_any.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_helpers.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_markers_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_markers_symbolizer.cpp
index 7c1dd695e..6814c380d 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_markers_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_markers_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 // mapnik
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_helpers.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
index 52632c17c..79f5f5b68 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/debug.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_helpers.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_polygon_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_polygon_symbolizer.cpp
index 7cebc05fb..d49b82be9 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_polygon_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_polygon_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_helpers.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/symbolizer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_raster_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_raster_symbolizer.cpp
index c3927ae93..907ff67f8 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_raster_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_raster_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_scaling.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_compositing.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/symbolizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/raster_colorizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_shield_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_shield_symbolizer.cpp
index ee9c14657..6c01aaaa9 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_shield_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_shield_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/symbolizer_helpers.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/pixel_position.hpp>
diff --git a/src/agg/process_text_symbolizer.cpp b/src/agg/process_text_symbolizer.cpp
index 0edb97986..217cc1870 100644
--- a/src/agg/process_text_symbolizer.cpp
+++ b/src/agg/process_text_symbolizer.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data_any.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_rasterizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/symbolizer_helpers.hpp>
diff --git a/src/build.py b/src/build.py
index 0103aa8a8..953ce6c2c 100644
--- a/src/build.py
+++ b/src/build.py
@@ -152,7 +152,6 @@ source = Split(
     miniz_png.cpp
     color.cpp
     conversions.cpp
-    image.cpp
     image_convert.cpp
     image_compositing.cpp
     image_scaling.cpp
@@ -172,7 +171,6 @@ source = Split(
     font_set.cpp
     function_call.cpp
     gradient.cpp
-    graphics.cpp
     parse_path.cpp
     image_reader.cpp
     cairo_io.cpp
diff --git a/src/feature_style_processor.cpp b/src/feature_style_processor.cpp
index a06cd4f29..8f6babee0 100644
--- a/src/feature_style_processor.cpp
+++ b/src/feature_style_processor.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 
 #include <mapnik/feature_style_processor_impl.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data_any.hpp>
 
 #if defined(GRID_RENDERER)
diff --git a/src/graphics.cpp b/src/graphics.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 48664835b..000000000
--- a/src/graphics.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-/*****************************************************************************
- *
- * This file is part of Mapnik (c++ mapping toolkit)
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2014 Artem Pavlenko
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- *
- *****************************************************************************/
-
-// mapnik
-#include <mapnik/debug.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/global.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/color.hpp>
-
-// agg
-#include "agg_rendering_buffer.h"
-#include "agg_pixfmt_rgba.h"
-#include "agg_color_rgba.h"
-
-#ifdef HAVE_CAIRO
-#include <mapnik/cairo/cairo_context.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace mapnik
-{
-image_32::image_32(int width,int height)
-   : data_(width,height),
-     painted_(false) {}
-
-
-image_32::image_32(image_32 const& rhs)
-   : data_(rhs.data_),
-     painted_(rhs.painted_) {}
-
-image_32::image_32(image_data_rgba8 && data)
-    : data_(std::move(data)),
-      painted_(false) {}
-
-image_32::~image_32() {}
-
-}
diff --git a/src/image.cpp b/src/image.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e71b80c9..000000000
--- a/src/image.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/*****************************************************************************
- *
- * This file is part of Mapnik (c++ mapping toolkit)
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2014 Artem Pavlenko
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- *
- *****************************************************************************/
-
-#include <mapnik/image.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/image_reader.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/tiff_io.hpp>
-
-#include <fstream>
-
-namespace mapnik {
-
-image::image(image_data_any && data) noexcept
-    : data_(std::move(data)) {}
-
-void image::set_data(image_data_any && data)
-{
-    data_ = std::move(data);
-}
-
-image image::read_from_file(std::string const& filename)
-{
-    std::unique_ptr<image_reader> reader(get_image_reader(filename));
-    if (reader)
-    {
-        unsigned w = reader->width();
-        unsigned h = reader->height();
-        image_data_any data = reader->read(0, 0, w, h);
-        return image(std::move(data));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return image();
-    }
-}
-
-void image::save_to_file(std::string const& filename, std::string const& format)
-{
-    mapnik::save_to_file(data_, filename, format);
-}
-
-}
diff --git a/src/text/renderer.cpp b/src/text/renderer.cpp
index 6d8ce6781..bf400cd7f 100644
--- a/src/text/renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/text/renderer.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/text/renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/grid/grid.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/text_properties.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/font_engine_freetype.hpp>
diff --git a/tests/cpp_tests/exceptions_test.cpp b/tests/cpp_tests/exceptions_test.cpp
index 3019ab86a..38e742344 100644
--- a/tests/cpp_tests/exceptions_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/cpp_tests/exceptions_test.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/unicode.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/map.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/save_map.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/feature.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/memory_datasource.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/feature_type_style.hpp>
diff --git a/tests/cpp_tests/fontset_runtime_test.cpp b/tests/cpp_tests/fontset_runtime_test.cpp
index 80d7ff907..9c6c883d9 100644
--- a/tests/cpp_tests/fontset_runtime_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/cpp_tests/fontset_runtime_test.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/rule.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/feature_type_style.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/color_factory.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/save_map.hpp>
diff --git a/tests/cpp_tests/image_io_test.cpp b/tests/cpp_tests/image_io_test.cpp
index b02633272..f275b0665 100644
--- a/tests/cpp_tests/image_io_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/cpp_tests/image_io_test.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
 #include <iostream>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_data.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_reader.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
diff --git a/tests/cpp_tests/image_painted_test.cpp b/tests/cpp_tests/image_painted_test.cpp
index 3e89b819e..b3cbc8238 100644
--- a/tests/cpp_tests/image_painted_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/cpp_tests/image_painted_test.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/layer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/rule.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/feature_type_style.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/datasource_cache.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/agg_renderer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/expression.hpp>
diff --git a/tests/cpp_tests/map_request_test.cpp b/tests/cpp_tests/map_request_test.cpp
index 227c8ae79..b9f5210bc 100644
--- a/tests/cpp_tests/map_request_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/cpp_tests/map_request_test.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #if defined(HAVE_CAIRO)
 #include <mapnik/cairo/cairo_renderer.hpp>
 #endif
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/datasource_cache.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/font_engine_freetype.hpp>
diff --git a/tests/cxx/test_main.cpp b/tests/cxx/test_main.cpp
index 063e87874..0c7c351f4 100644
--- a/tests/cxx/test_main.cpp
+++ b/tests/cxx/test_main.cpp
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 #define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN
-#include "catch.hpp"
\ No newline at end of file
+#include "catch.hpp"
diff --git a/utils/nik2img/nik2img.cpp b/utils/nik2img/nik2img.cpp
index ccdb78208..8a9976248 100644
--- a/utils/nik2img/nik2img.cpp
+++ b/utils/nik2img/nik2img.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/version.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/debug.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/unicode.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/datasource_cache.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/font_engine_freetype.hpp>
diff --git a/utils/svg2png/svg2png.cpp b/utils/svg2png/svg2png.cpp
index 3473c52e9..4913c1a7e 100644
--- a/utils/svg2png/svg2png.cpp
+++ b/utils/svg2png/svg2png.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/marker.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/marker_cache.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/image_util.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/graphics.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/svg/svg_path_adapter.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/svg/svg_renderer_agg.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/svg/svg_path_attributes.hpp>