diff --git a/benchmark/test_array_allocation.cpp b/benchmark/test_array_allocation.cpp
index 0eb2c5bcf..fda9bb6ab 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_array_allocation.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_array_allocation.cpp
@@ -386,62 +386,62 @@ public:
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
     mapnik::parameters params;
     benchmark::handle_args(argc,argv,params);
     {
         test4 test_runner4(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner4,"calloc");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner4,"calloc");
     }
     {
         test1 test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"malloc/memcpy");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"malloc/memcpy");
     }
     {
         test1b test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"malloc/memset");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"malloc/memset");
     }
     {
         test1c test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"operator new/std::fill");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"operator new/std::fill");
     }
     {
         test2 test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"operator new/memcpy");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"operator new/memcpy");
     }
     {
         test3 test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"vector(N)");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"vector(N)");
     }
     {
         test3b test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"vector/resize");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"vector/resize");
     }
     {
         test3c test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"vector/assign");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"vector/assign");
     }
     {
         test3d test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"deque(N)");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"deque(N)");
     }
     {
         test5 test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"std::string range");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"std::string range");
     }
     {
         test5b test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"std::string &[0]");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"std::string &[0]");
     }
     {
         test6 test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"valarray");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"valarray");
     }
 #if BOOST_VERSION >= 105400
     {
         test7 test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"static_vector");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"static_vector");
     }
 #endif
-    return retVal;
+    return return_value;
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/test_numeric_cast_vs_static_cast.cpp b/benchmark/test_numeric_cast_vs_static_cast.cpp
index 2a3e3cd81..8ea6e6be1 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_numeric_cast_vs_static_cast.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_numeric_cast_vs_static_cast.cpp
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
     mapnik::parameters params;
     benchmark::handle_args(argc,argv,params);
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
     {
         test_static test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"static_cast");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"static_cast");
     }
     {
         test_numeric test_runner(params);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"numeric_cast");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"numeric_cast");
     }
-    return retVal;
+    return return_value;
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/test_offset_converter.cpp b/benchmark/test_offset_converter.cpp
index 4dc1fb851..c0d25da89 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_offset_converter.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_offset_converter.cpp
@@ -93,10 +93,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
     mapnik::parameters params;
     benchmark::handle_args(argc,argv,params);
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
     {
         test_offset test_runner(params);
-        retVal = run(test_runner,"offset_test");
+        return_value = run(test_runner,"offset_test");
     }
-    return retVal;
+    return return_value;
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping.cpp b/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping.cpp
index 628e45759..b189a0443 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping.cpp
@@ -528,20 +528,20 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
         throw std::runtime_error("could not open: '" + filename_ + "'");
     std::string wkt_in( (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(in) ),
                (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()) );
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
     {
         test1 test_runner(params,wkt_in,clipping_box);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"clipping polygon with agg");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"clipping polygon with agg");
     }
     {
         test3 test_runner(params,wkt_in,clipping_box);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"clipping polygon with boost");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"clipping polygon with boost");
     }
     /*
     {
         test4 test_runner(params,wkt_in,clipping_box);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"clipping polygon with clipper_tree");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"clipping polygon with clipper_tree");
     }
     */
-    return retVal;
+    return return_value;
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping_rendering.cpp b/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping_rendering.cpp
index 375e4c602..ab23459c4 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping_rendering.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_polygon_clipping_rendering.cpp
@@ -51,30 +51,30 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     mapnik::box2d<double> z1(-20037508.3428,-8317435.0606,20037508.3428,18399242.7298);
     // bbox for 16/10491/22911.png
     mapnik::box2d<double> z16(-13622912.929097254,6026906.8062295765,-13621689.93664469,6028129.79868214);
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
     {
         test test_runner(params,
                           "benchmark/data/polygon_rendering_clip.xml",
                           z1);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"polygon clip render z1");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"polygon clip render z1");
     }
     {
         test test_runner(params,
                           "benchmark/data/polygon_rendering_no_clip.xml",
                           z1);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"polygon noclip render z1");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"polygon noclip render z1");
     }
     {
         test test_runner(params,
                           "benchmark/data/polygon_rendering_clip.xml",
                           z16);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"polygon clip render z16");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"polygon clip render z16");
     }
     {
         test test_runner(params,
                           "benchmark/data/polygon_rendering_no_clip.xml",
                           z16);
-        retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"polygon noclip render z16");
+        return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"polygon noclip render z16");
     }
-    return retVal;
+    return return_value;
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/test_proj_transform1.cpp b/benchmark/test_proj_transform1.cpp
index 920eb9981..451c51ae1 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_proj_transform1.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_proj_transform1.cpp
@@ -67,34 +67,34 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     std::string to_str("+init=epsg:3857");
     std::string from_str2("+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs");
     std::string to_str2("+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +wktext +no_defs +over");
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
     test test_runner(params,
                      from_str,
                      to_str,
                      from,
                      to,
                      true);
-    retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"lonlat->merc epsg");
+    return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"lonlat->merc epsg");
     test test_runner2(params,
                      from_str2,
                      to_str2,
                      from,
                      to,
                      true);
-    retVal = retVal | run(test_runner2,"lonlat->merc literal");
+    return_value = return_value | run(test_runner2,"lonlat->merc literal");
     test test_runner3(params,
                      to_str,
                      from_str,
                      to,
                      from,
                      true);
-    retVal = retVal | run(test_runner3,"merc->lonlat epsg");
+    return_value = return_value | run(test_runner3,"merc->lonlat epsg");
     test test_runner4(params,
                      to_str2,
                      from_str2,
                      to,
                      from,
                      true);
-    retVal = retVal | run(test_runner4,"merc->lonlat literal");
-    return retVal;
+    return_value = return_value | run(test_runner4,"merc->lonlat literal");
+    return return_value;
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/test_rendering.cpp b/benchmark/test_rendering.cpp
index 3515473b3..593307b08 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_rendering.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_rendering.cpp
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public:
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
     try
     {
         mapnik::parameters params;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
         mapnik::datasource_cache::instance().register_datasources("./plugins/input/");
         {
             test test_runner(params);
-            retVal = run(test_runner,*name);
+            return_value = run(test_runner,*name);
         }
     }
     catch (std::exception const& ex)
@@ -111,5 +111,5 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
         std::clog << ex.what() << "\n";
         return -1;
     }
-    return retVal;
+    return return_value;
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/test_rendering_shared_map.cpp b/benchmark/test_rendering_shared_map.cpp
index 78af7e9f7..75631f78c 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_rendering_shared_map.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_rendering_shared_map.cpp
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public:
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
     try
     {
         mapnik::parameters params;
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
         mapnik::datasource_cache::instance().register_datasources("./plugins/input/");
         {
             test test_runner(params);
-            retVal = run(test_runner,*name);
+            return_value = run(test_runner,*name);
         }
     }
     catch (std::exception const& ex)
@@ -168,5 +168,5 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
         std::clog << ex.what() << "\n";
         return -1;
     }
-    return retVal;
+    return return_value;
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/test_utf_encoding.cpp b/benchmark/test_utf_encoding.cpp
index 31916c15b..a4ba10a88 100644
--- a/benchmark/test_utf_encoding.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/test_utf_encoding.cpp
@@ -97,16 +97,16 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
     mapnik::parameters params;
     benchmark::handle_args(argc,argv,params);
-    int retVal = 0;
+    int return_value = 0;
 #ifndef __linux__
     test test_runner(params);
-    retVal = retVal | run(test_runner,"utf encode std::codecvt");
+    return_value = return_value | run(test_runner,"utf encode std::codecvt");
 #else
     std::clog << "skipping 'utf encode std::codecvt' test since <codecvt> is not supported on __linux__\n";
 #endif
     test2 test_runner2(params);
-    retVal = retVal | run(test_runner2,"utf encode boost::locale");
+    return_value = return_value | run(test_runner2,"utf encode boost::locale");
     test3 test_runner3(params);
-    retVal = retVal | run(test_runner3,"utf encode ICU");
-    return retVal;
+    return_value = return_value | run(test_runner3,"utf encode ICU");
+    return return_value;
 }