diff --git a/include/mapnik/pixel_position.hpp b/include/mapnik/pixel_position.hpp
index 991719c9c..cbfb3d145 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/pixel_position.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/pixel_position.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,38 @@
 
 namespace mapnik {
 
-struct rotation;
+struct rotation
+{
+    rotation()
+        : sin(0)
+        , cos(1.)
+    {}
+    rotation(double sin_, double cos_)
+        : sin(sin_)
+        , cos(cos_)
+    {}
+    rotation(double angle)
+        : sin(std::sin(angle))
+        , cos(std::cos(angle))
+    {}
+    void reset()
+    {
+        sin = 0.;
+        cos = 1.;
+    }
+    void init(double angle)
+    {
+        sin = std::sin(angle);
+        cos = std::cos(angle);
+    }
+    double sin;
+    double cos;
+    rotation operator~() const { return rotation(sin, -cos); }
+    rotation operator!() const { return rotation(-sin, cos); }
+
+    double angle() const { return std::atan2(sin, cos); }
+};
+
 struct pixel_position
 {
     double x;
@@ -59,11 +90,17 @@ struct pixel_position
     }
 
     pixel_position rotate(rotation const& rot) const;
+
     pixel_position operator~() const { return pixel_position(x, -y); }
 
     double length() { return std::sqrt(x * x + y * y); }
 };
 
+inline pixel_position pixel_position::rotate(rotation const& rot) const
+{
+    return pixel_position(x * rot.cos - y * rot.sin, x * rot.sin + y * rot.cos);
+}
+
 inline pixel_position operator*(double factor, pixel_position const& pos)
 {
     return pixel_position(factor * pos.x, factor * pos.y);
diff --git a/include/mapnik/text/glyph_positions.hpp b/include/mapnik/text/glyph_positions.hpp
index 6227391f2..80ffefb26 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/text/glyph_positions.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/text/glyph_positions.hpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/geometry/box2d.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/pixel_position.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/text/rotation.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/marker_cache.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/glyph_info.hpp>
 
diff --git a/include/mapnik/text/placement_finder.hpp b/include/mapnik/text/placement_finder.hpp
index 5c49e9012..10040b48d 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/text/placement_finder.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/text/placement_finder.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/pixel_position.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/text_layout.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/glyph_positions.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/text/rotation.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/util/noncopyable.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik {
diff --git a/include/mapnik/text/rotation.hpp b/include/mapnik/text/rotation.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 89cac2d45..000000000
--- a/include/mapnik/text/rotation.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MAPNIK_ROTATION_HPP
-#define MAPNIK_ROTATION_HPP
-
-#include <cmath>
-
-namespace mapnik {
-
-struct rotation
-{
-    rotation()
-        : sin(0)
-        , cos(1.)
-    {}
-    rotation(double sin_, double cos_)
-        : sin(sin_)
-        , cos(cos_)
-    {}
-    rotation(double angle)
-        : sin(std::sin(angle))
-        , cos(std::cos(angle))
-    {}
-    void reset()
-    {
-        sin = 0.;
-        cos = 1.;
-    }
-    void init(double angle)
-    {
-        sin = std::sin(angle);
-        cos = std::cos(angle);
-    }
-    double sin;
-    double cos;
-    rotation operator~() const { return rotation(sin, -cos); }
-    rotation operator!() const { return rotation(-sin, cos); }
-
-    double angle() const { return std::atan2(sin, cos); }
-};
-} // namespace mapnik
-
-#endif // ROTATION_HPP
diff --git a/include/mapnik/text/text_layout.hpp b/include/mapnik/text/text_layout.hpp
index 06e01d447..b366e5454 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/text/text_layout.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/text/text_layout.hpp
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/text/itemizer.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/font_engine_freetype.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/evaluated_format_properties_ptr.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/text/rotation.hpp>
 
 // stl
 #include <vector>
diff --git a/src/text/glyph_positions.cpp b/src/text/glyph_positions.cpp
index 8b1fbca39..b3fa96a55 100644
--- a/src/text/glyph_positions.cpp
+++ b/src/text/glyph_positions.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/text/glyph_positions.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/pixel_position.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/text/rotation.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/text/glyph_info.hpp>
 
 // stl
diff --git a/src/text/text_layout.cpp b/src/text/text_layout.cpp
index 3be71243a..87c00a8ea 100644
--- a/src/text/text_layout.cpp
+++ b/src/text/text_layout.cpp
@@ -87,11 +87,6 @@ pixel_position evaluate_displacement(double dx, double dy, directions_e dir)
     }
 }
 
-pixel_position pixel_position::rotate(rotation const& rot) const
-{
-    return pixel_position(x * rot.cos - y * rot.sin, x * rot.sin + y * rot.cos);
-}
-
 text_layout::text_layout(face_manager_freetype& font_manager,
                          feature_impl const& feature,
                          attributes const& attrs,