diff --git a/include/mapnik/geometry/multi_polygon.hpp b/include/mapnik/geometry/multi_polygon.hpp
index fdf28437a..735df3c44 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/geometry/multi_polygon.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/geometry/multi_polygon.hpp
@@ -24,12 +24,19 @@
 #define MAPNIK_GEOMETRY_MULTI_POLYGON_HPP
 
 // geometry
-#include <mapbox/geometry/multi_polygon.hpp>
+#include <mapnik/geometry/polygon.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik { namespace geometry {
 
-template <typename T>
-using multi_polygon = mapbox::geometry::multi_polygon<T>;
+template <typename T, template <typename...> class Cont = std::vector>
+struct multi_polygon : Cont<polygon<T>>
+{
+    using coordinate_type = T;
+    using polygon_type = polygon<T>;
+    using container_type = Cont<polygon_type>;
+    using container_type::container_type;
+};
+
 
 }}
 
diff --git a/include/mapnik/geometry/polygon.hpp b/include/mapnik/geometry/polygon.hpp
index 378e8ae8d..e1431d562 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/geometry/polygon.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/geometry/polygon.hpp
@@ -26,48 +26,82 @@
 // geometry
 #include <mapbox/geometry/polygon.hpp>
 
-// stl
-//#include <vector>
-
 namespace mapnik { namespace geometry {
 
 template <typename T>
 using linear_ring = mapbox::geometry::linear_ring<T>;
 
 template <typename T>
-using polygon = mapbox::geometry::polygon<T>;
-
-
-/*
-template <typename T>
-using rings_container = std::vector<linear_ring<T>>;
-
-template <typename T, template <typename> class InteriorRings = rings_container>
-struct polygon
+struct polygon : mapbox::geometry::polygon<T>
 {
     using coordinate_type = T;
-    using rings_container = InteriorRings<coordinate_type>;
-    linear_ring<T> exterior_ring;
-    rings_container interior_rings;
-
-    inline void set_exterior_ring(linear_ring<T> && ring)
+    using base_type = mapbox::geometry::polygon<T>;
+    using linear_ring_type = linear_ring<T>;
+    struct interior_rings
     {
-        exterior_ring = std::move(ring);
+        using iterator = typename base_type::iterator;
+        using const_iterator = typename base_type::const_iterator;
+        using value_type = typename base_type::value_type;
+        interior_rings(polygon<coordinate_type> & poly)
+            : poly_(poly) {}
+        iterator begin()
+        {
+            auto itr = poly_.begin();
+            std::advance(itr, 1);
+            return itr;
+        }
+
+        iterator end() { return poly_.end();}
+        const_iterator begin() const
+        {
+            auto itr = poly_.begin();
+            std::advance(itr, 1);
+            return itr;
+        }
+        const_iterator end() const { return poly_.end();}
+
+        void clear()
+        {
+            poly_.resize(1);
+        }
+
+        void resize(std::size_t size)
+        {
+            poly_.resize(size + 1);
+        }
+
+        std::size_t size() const
+        {
+            return poly_.empty() ? 0 : poly_.size() - 1;
+        }
+
+        void push_back(value_type const& val) { poly_.push_back(val); }
+        value_type& back() { return poly_.back(); }
+        value_type const& back()  const { return poly_.back(); }
+        polygon<coordinate_type> & poly_;
+    };
+
+    polygon()
+        : base_type(),
+          interior_(*this)
+    {
+        //this->resize(1); // explicit exterior ring ?
     }
 
-    inline void add_hole(linear_ring<T> && ring)
-    {
-        interior_rings.emplace_back(std::move(ring));
-    }
+    polygon(polygon const& other)
+        : base_type(other),
+          interior_(*this) {}
 
-    inline bool empty() const { return exterior_ring.empty(); }
-
-    inline std::size_t num_rings() const
+    interior_rings const& interior() const
     {
-        return 1 + interior_rings.size();
+        return interior_;
     }
+    interior_rings & interior()
+    {
+        return interior_;
+    }
+    interior_rings interior_;
 };
-*/
 
 }}
 
diff --git a/include/mapnik/geometry_adapters.hpp b/include/mapnik/geometry_adapters.hpp
index f0c5506df..770cb630c 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/geometry_adapters.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/geometry_adapters.hpp
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
 #include <mapnik/geometry.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/coord.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/box2d.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/polygon_interior.hpp>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 // register point
@@ -177,13 +176,13 @@ struct ring_mutable_type<mapnik::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType> >
 template <typename CoordinateType>
 struct interior_const_type<mapnik::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType> >
 {
-    using type = boost::iterator_range<typename mapbox::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType>::const_iterator> const;
+    using type = typename mapnik::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType>::interior_rings const&;
 };
 
 template <typename CoordinateType>
 struct interior_mutable_type<mapnik::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType> >
 {
-    using type = mapnik::detail::polygon_interior<CoordinateType>;
+    using type = typename mapnik::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType>::interior_rings& ;
 };
 
 // exterior
@@ -213,14 +212,13 @@ struct interior_rings<mapnik::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType> >
 
     static interior_const_type get(mapnik::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType> const& p)
     {
-        return boost::make_iterator_range(p.begin() + 1, p.end());
+        return p.interior();
     }
 
     static interior_mutable_type get(mapnik::geometry::polygon<CoordinateType>& p)
     {
-        return mapnik::detail::polygon_interior<CoordinateType>(p);
+        return p.interior();
     }
-
 };
 
 }}}
diff --git a/include/mapnik/polygon_interior.hpp b/include/mapnik/polygon_interior.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bb8775d64..000000000
--- a/include/mapnik/polygon_interior.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-/*****************************************************************************
- *
- * This file is part of Mapnik (c++ mapping toolkit)
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2016 Artem Pavlenko
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- *
- *****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef MAPNIK_POLYGON_INTERIOR_HPP
-#define MAPNIK_POLYGON_INTERIOR_HPP
-
-#include <mapnik/geometry/polygon.hpp>
-
-
-namespace mapnik { namespace detail {
-
-template <typename T>
-struct polygon_interior
-{
-    using coordinate_type = T;
-    using iterator = typename geometry::polygon<coordinate_type>::iterator;
-    using const_iterator = typename geometry::polygon<coordinate_type>::const_iterator;
-    using value_type = typename geometry::polygon<coordinate_type>::value_type;
-
-    polygon_interior(geometry::polygon<coordinate_type> & poly)
-        : poly_(poly) {}
-
-    iterator begin()
-    {
-        auto itr = poly_.begin();
-        std::advance(itr, 1);
-        return itr;
-    }
-
-    iterator end() { return poly_.end();}
-    const_iterator begin() const
-    {
-        auto itr = poly_.begin();
-        std::advance(itr, 1);
-        return itr;
-    }
-    const_iterator end() const { return poly_.end();}
-
-    void clear()
-    {
-        poly_.resize(1);
-    }
-    void resize(std::size_t size)
-    {
-        poly_.resize(size + 1);
-    }
-
-    std::size_t size() const
-    {
-        return poly_.empty() ? 0 : poly_.size() - 1;
-    }
-
-    value_type& back() { return poly_.back(); }
-    value_type const& back()  const { return poly_.back(); }
-    geometry::polygon<coordinate_type> & poly_;
-};
-
-}}
-
-#endif // MAPNIK_POLYGON_INTERIOR_HPP