diff --git a/include/mapnik/json/topojson_grammar.hpp b/include/mapnik/json/topojson_grammar.hpp
index 5e426119c..1b5533611 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/json/topojson_grammar.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/json/topojson_grammar.hpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ private:
     qi::rule<Iterator, space_type, mapnik::topojson::multi_linestring()> multi_linestring;
     qi::rule<Iterator, space_type, mapnik::topojson::polygon()> polygon;
     qi::rule<Iterator, space_type, mapnik::topojson::multi_polygon()> multi_polygon;
-    qi::rule<Iterator, space_type, std::vector<mapnik::topojson::geometry>()> geometry_collection;
+    qi::rule<Iterator, space_type, void(std::vector<mapnik::topojson::geometry>&)> geometry_collection;
 
     qi::rule<Iterator, space_type, std::vector<index_type>()> ring;
 
@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ private:
 
     // error
     boost::phoenix::function<where_message> where_message_;
-
 };
 
 }}
diff --git a/include/mapnik/json/topojson_grammar_impl.hpp b/include/mapnik/json/topojson_grammar_impl.hpp
index e19aaa4fe..d52641e57 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/json/topojson_grammar_impl.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/json/topojson_grammar_impl.hpp
@@ -40,13 +40,15 @@ topojson_grammar<Iterator>::topojson_grammar()
     qi::no_skip_type no_skip;
     qi::omit_type omit;
     qi::_val_type _val;
+    qi::_1_type _1;
     qi::_2_type _2;
     qi::_3_type _3;
     qi::_4_type _4;
+    qi::_r1_type _r1;
     standard_wide::char_type char_;
     using qi::fail;
     using qi::on_error;
-    using phoenix::construct;
+    using phoenix::push_back;
 
     // generic json types
     value = object | array | string_ | number
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ topojson_grammar<Iterator>::topojson_grammar()
         >> lit('{')
         >> -((omit[string_]
               >> lit(':')
-              >>  (geometry_collection | geometry)) % lit(','))
+              >>  (geometry_collection(_val) | geometry)) % lit(','))
         >> lit('}')
         ;
 
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ topojson_grammar<Iterator>::topojson_grammar()
 
     geometry_collection =  lit('{')
                >> lit("\"type\"") >> lit(':') >> lit("\"GeometryCollection\"") >> lit(',')
-               >> lit("\"geometries\"") >> lit(':') >> lit('[') >> -(geometry % lit(','))
+               >> lit("\"geometries\"") >> lit(':') >> lit('[') >> -(geometry[push_back(_r1, _1)] % lit(','))
                >> lit(']')
                >> lit('}')
         ;
diff --git a/include/mapnik/json/topojson_utils.hpp b/include/mapnik/json/topojson_utils.hpp
index 5a03b42ba..e3d4a0812 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/json/topojson_utils.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/json/topojson_utils.hpp
@@ -27,11 +27,10 @@
 #include <mapnik/box2d.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/json/topology.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/util/variant.hpp>
-#include <boost/variant.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik { namespace topojson {
 
-struct bounding_box_visitor : public boost::static_visitor<box2d<double> >
+struct bounding_box_visitor : public mapnik::util::static_visitor<box2d<double> >
 {
     bounding_box_visitor(topology const& topo)
         : topo_(topo) {}
diff --git a/include/mapnik/json/topology.hpp b/include/mapnik/json/topology.hpp
index cccc4235c..e7605a302 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/json/topology.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/json/topology.hpp
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 #include <boost/fusion/include/adapt_struct.hpp>
 #include <boost/fusion/adapted/std_tuple.hpp>
 #include <boost/optional.hpp>
-#include <boost/variant.hpp>
 
 namespace mapnik { namespace topojson {
 
@@ -86,13 +85,13 @@ struct multi_polygon
 
 struct invalid {};
 
-using geometry =  boost::variant<invalid,
-                                 point,
-                                 linestring,
-                                 polygon,
-                                 multi_point,
-                                 multi_linestring,
-                                 multi_polygon>;
+using geometry =  util::variant<invalid,
+                                point,
+                                linestring,
+                                polygon,
+                                multi_point,
+                                multi_linestring,
+                                multi_polygon>;
 
 using pair_type = std::tuple<double,double>;
 
diff --git a/plugins/input/topojson/topojson_datasource.cpp b/plugins/input/topojson/topojson_datasource.cpp
index d615672d5..5d9c21169 100644
--- a/plugins/input/topojson/topojson_datasource.cpp
+++ b/plugins/input/topojson/topojson_datasource.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/geometries/geometries.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/extensions/index/rtree/rtree.hpp>
-#include <boost/variant.hpp>
+
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/unicode.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/value_types.hpp>
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ struct attr_value_converter : public mapnik::util::static_visitor<mapnik::eAttri
     }
 };
 
-struct geometry_type_visitor : public boost::static_visitor<int>
+struct geometry_type_visitor : public mapnik::util::static_visitor<int>
 {
     int operator() (mapnik::topojson::point const&) const
     {
@@ -211,14 +211,14 @@ void topojson_datasource::parse_topojson(T & stream)
     std::size_t count = 0;
     for (auto const& geom : topo_.geometries)
     {
-        mapnik::box2d<double> bbox = boost::apply_visitor(mapnik::topojson::bounding_box_visitor(topo_), geom);
+        mapnik::box2d<double> bbox = mapnik::util::apply_visitor(mapnik::topojson::bounding_box_visitor(topo_), geom);
         if (bbox.valid())
         {
             if (count == 0)
             {
                 extent_ = bbox;
                 collect_attributes_visitor assessor(desc_);
-                boost::apply_visitor(assessor,geom);
+                mapnik::util::apply_visitor( std::ref(assessor), geom);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ boost::optional<mapnik::datasource::geometry_t> topojson_datasource::get_geometr
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < num_features && i < 5; ++i)
     {
         mapnik::topojson::geometry const& geom = topo_.geometries[i];
-        int type = boost::apply_visitor(geometry_type_visitor(),geom);
+        int type = mapnik::util::apply_visitor(geometry_type_visitor(),geom);
         if (type > 0)
         {
             if (multi_type > 0 && multi_type != type)
diff --git a/plugins/input/topojson/topojson_featureset.cpp b/plugins/input/topojson/topojson_featureset.cpp
index b2794e2c4..7f72885af 100644
--- a/plugins/input/topojson/topojson_featureset.cpp
+++ b/plugins/input/topojson/topojson_featureset.cpp
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ mapnik::feature_ptr topojson_featureset::next()
         if ( index < topo_.geometries.size())
         {
             mapnik::topojson::geometry const& geom = topo_.geometries[index];
-            mapnik::feature_ptr feature = boost::apply_visitor(
+            mapnik::feature_ptr feature = mapnik::util::apply_visitor(
                 mapnik::topojson::feature_generator<mapnik::context_ptr>(ctx_, tr_, topo_, feature_id_++),
                 geom);
             return feature;