#include "csv_datasource.hpp"

// boost
#include <boost/make_shared.hpp>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>

// mapnik
#include <mapnik/feature_layer_desc.hpp>
#include <mapnik/feature_factory.hpp>
#include <mapnik/geometry.hpp>
#include <mapnik/memory_featureset.hpp>
#include <mapnik/wkt/wkt_factory.hpp>
#include <mapnik/util/geometry_to_ds_type.hpp>
#include <mapnik/ptree_helpers.hpp>  // mapnik::boolean

// stl
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using mapnik::datasource;
using mapnik::parameters;
using namespace boost::spirit;

DATASOURCE_PLUGIN(csv_datasource)

csv_datasource::csv_datasource(parameters const& params, bool bind)
: datasource(params),
    desc_(*params_.get<std::string>("type"), *params_.get<std::string>("encoding", "utf-8")),
    extent_(),
    filename_(),
    inline_string_(),
    file_length_(0),
    row_limit_(*params_.get<int>("row_limit", 0)),
    features_(),
    escape_(*params_.get<std::string>("escape", "")),
    separator_(*params_.get<std::string>("separator", "")),
    quote_(*params_.get<std::string>("quote", "")),
    headers_(),
    manual_headers_(boost::trim_copy(*params_.get<std::string>("headers", ""))),
    strict_(*params_.get<mapnik::boolean>("strict", false)),
    quiet_(*params_.get<mapnik::boolean>("quiet", false)),
    filesize_max_(*params_.get<float>("filesize_max", 20.0))  // MB
{
    /* TODO:
       general:
       - refactor parser into generic class
       - tests of grid_renderer output
       - ensure that the attribute desc_ matches the first feature added
       alternate large file pipeline:
       - stat file, detect > 15 MB
       - build up csv line-by-line iterator
       - creates opportunity to filter attributes by map query
       speed:
       - add properties for wkt/lon/lat at parse time
       - remove boost::lexical_cast
       - add ability to pass 'filter' keyword to drop attributes at layer init
       - create quad tree on the fly for small/med size files
       - memory map large files for reading
       - smaller features (less memory overhead)
       usability:
       - enforce column names without leading digit
       - better error messages (add filepath) if not reading from string
       - move to spirit to tokenize and add character level error feedback:
       http://boost-spirit.com/home/articles/qi-example/tracking-the-input-position-while-parsing/
    */

    boost::optional<std::string> inline_string = params_.get<std::string>("inline");
    if (inline_string)
    {
        inline_string_ = *inline_string;
    }
    else
    {
        boost::optional<std::string> file = params_.get<std::string>("file");
        if (!file) throw mapnik::datasource_exception("CSV Plugin: missing <file> parameter");

        boost::optional<std::string> base = params_.get<std::string>("base");
        if (base)
            filename_ = *base + "/" + *file;
        else
            filename_ = *file;
    }

    if (bind)
    {
        this->bind();
    }
}


csv_datasource::~csv_datasource() { }

void csv_datasource::bind() const
{
    if (is_bound_) return;

    if (!inline_string_.empty())
    {
        std::istringstream in(inline_string_);
        parse_csv(in,escape_, separator_, quote_);
    }
    else
    {
        std::ifstream in(filename_.c_str(),std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::binary);
        if (!in.is_open())
            throw mapnik::datasource_exception("CSV Plugin: could not open: '" + filename_ + "'");
        parse_csv(in,escape_, separator_, quote_);
        in.close();
    }
    is_bound_ = true;
}

template <typename T>
void csv_datasource::parse_csv(T& stream,
                               std::string const& escape,
                               std::string const& separator,
                               std::string const& quote) const
{
    stream.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
    file_length_ = stream.tellg();

    if (filesize_max_ > 0)
    {
        double file_mb = static_cast<double>(file_length_)/1048576;

        // throw if this is an unreasonably large file to read into memory
        if (file_mb > filesize_max_)
        {
            std::ostringstream s;
            s << "CSV Plugin: csv file is greater than " << filesize_max_ << "MB "
              << " - you should use a more efficient data format like sqlite, postgis or a shapefile "
              << " to render this data (set 'filesize_max=0' to disable this restriction if you have lots of memory)";
            throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
        }
    }

    // set back to start
    stream.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);

    // autodetect newlines
    char newline = '\n';
    int newline_count = 0;
    int carriage_count = 0;
    for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < file_length_; idx++)
    {
        char c = static_cast<char>(stream.get());
        if (c == '\n')
        {
            ++newline_count;
        }
        else if (c == '\r')
        {
            ++carriage_count;
        }
        // read at least 2000 bytes before testing
        if (idx == file_length_-1 || idx > 4000)
        {
            if (newline_count > carriage_count)
            {
                break;
            }
            else if (carriage_count > newline_count)
            {
                newline = '\r';
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // set back to start
    stream.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);

    // get first line
    std::string csv_line;
    std::getline(stream,csv_line,newline);

    // if user has not passed a separator manually
    // then attempt to detect by reading first line
    std::string sep = boost::trim_copy(separator);
    if (sep.empty())
    {
        // default to ','
        sep = ",";
        int num_commas = std::count(csv_line.begin(), csv_line.end(), ',');
        // detect tabs
        int num_tabs = std::count(csv_line.begin(), csv_line.end(), '\t');
        if (num_tabs > 0)
        {
            if (num_tabs > num_commas)
            {
                sep = "\t";
#ifdef MAPNIK_DEBUG
                std::clog << "CSV Plugin: auto detected tab separator\n";
#endif
            }
        }
        else // pipes
        {
            int num_pipes = std::count(csv_line.begin(), csv_line.end(), '|');
            if (num_pipes > num_commas)
            {
                sep = "|";
#ifdef MAPNIK_DEBUG
                std::clog << "CSV Plugin: auto detected '|' separator\n";
#endif
            }
            else // semicolons
            {
                int num_semicolons = std::count(csv_line.begin(), csv_line.end(), ';');
                if (num_semicolons > num_commas)
                {
                    sep = ";";
#ifdef MAPNIK_DEBUG
                    std::clog << "CSV Plugin: auto detected ';' separator\n";
#endif
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // set back to start
    stream.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);

    typedef boost::escaped_list_separator<char> escape_type;

    std::string esc = boost::trim_copy(escape);
    if (esc.empty()) esc = "\\";

    std::string quo = boost::trim_copy(quote);
    if (quo.empty()) quo = "\"";

#ifdef MAPNIK_DEBUG
    std::clog << "CSV Plugin: csv grammer: sep: '" << sep << "' quo: '" << quo << "' esc: '" << esc << "'\n";
#endif

    boost::escaped_list_separator<char> grammer;
    try
    {
        //  grammer = boost::escaped_list_separator<char>('\\', ',', '\"');
        grammer = boost::escaped_list_separator<char>(esc, sep, quo);
    }
    catch(const std::exception & ex)
    {
        std::ostringstream s;
        s << "CSV Plugin: " << ex.what();
        throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
    }

    typedef boost::tokenizer< escape_type > Tokenizer;

    int line_number(1);
    bool has_wkt_field = false;
    bool has_lat_field = false;
    bool has_lon_field = false;
    unsigned wkt_idx;
    unsigned lat_idx;
    unsigned lon_idx;

    if (!manual_headers_.empty())
    {
        Tokenizer tok(manual_headers_, grammer);
        Tokenizer::iterator beg = tok.begin();
        unsigned idx(0);
        for (; beg != tok.end(); ++beg)
        {
            std::string val = boost::trim_copy(*beg);
            std::string lower_val = boost::algorithm::to_lower_copy(val);
            if (lower_val == "wkt"
                || (lower_val.find("geom") != std::string::npos))
            {
                wkt_idx = idx;
                has_wkt_field = true;
            }
            if (lower_val == "x"
                || lower_val == "lon"
                || lower_val == "long"
                || (lower_val.find("longitude") != std::string::npos))
            {
                lon_idx = idx;
                has_lon_field = true;
            }
            if (lower_val == "y"
                || lower_val == "lat"
                || (lower_val.find("latitude") != std::string::npos))
            {
                lat_idx = idx;
                has_lat_field = true;
            }
            ++idx;
            headers_.push_back(val);
        }
    }
    else // parse first line as headers
    {
        while (std::getline(stream,csv_line,newline))
        {
            try
            {
                Tokenizer tok(csv_line, grammer);
                Tokenizer::iterator beg = tok.begin();
                std::string val;
                if (beg != tok.end())
                    val = boost::trim_copy(*beg);

                // skip blank lines
                if (val.empty())
                {
                    // do nothing
                    ++line_number;
                }
                else
                {
                    int idx = -1;
                    for (; beg != tok.end(); ++beg)
                    {
                        ++idx;
                        val = boost::trim_copy(*beg);
                        if (val.empty())
                        {
                            if (strict_)
                            {
                                std::ostringstream s;
                                s << "CSV Plugin: expected a column header at line "
                                  << line_number << ", column " << idx
                                  << " - ensure this row contains valid header fields: '"
                                  << csv_line << "'\n";
                                throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                // create a placeholder for the empty header
                                std::ostringstream s;
                                s << "_" << idx;
                                headers_.push_back(s.str());
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            std::string lower_val = boost::algorithm::to_lower_copy(val);
                            if (lower_val == "wkt"
                                || (lower_val.find("geom") != std::string::npos))
                            {
                                wkt_idx = idx;
                                has_wkt_field = true;
                            }
                            if (lower_val == "x"
                                || lower_val == "lon"
                                || lower_val == "long"
                                || (lower_val.find("longitude") != std::string::npos))
                            {
                                lon_idx = idx;
                                has_lon_field = true;
                            }
                            if (lower_val == "y"
                                || lower_val == "lat"
                                || (lower_val.find("latitude") != std::string::npos))
                            {
                                lat_idx = idx;
                                has_lat_field = true;
                            }
                            headers_.push_back(val);
                        }
                    }
                    ++line_number;
                    break;
                }
            }
            catch(const std::exception & ex)
            {
                std::ostringstream s;
                s << "CSV Plugin: error parsing headers: " << ex.what();
                throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
            }
        }
    }

    if (!has_wkt_field && (!has_lon_field || !has_lat_field) )
    {
        std::ostringstream s;
        s << "CSV Plugin: could not detect column headers with the name of wkt ,x/y, or latitude/longitude - this is required for reading geometry data";
        throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
    }

    int feature_count(1);
    bool extent_initialized = false;
    std::size_t num_headers = headers_.size();

    ctx_ = boost::make_shared<mapnik::context_type>();
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < headers_.size(); ++i)
    {
        ctx_->push(headers_[i]);
    }

    mapnik::transcoder tr(desc_.get_encoding());

    while (std::getline(stream,csv_line,newline))
    {
        if ((row_limit_ > 0) && (line_number > row_limit_))
        {
#ifdef MAPNIK_DEBUG
            std::clog << "CSV Plugin: row limit hit, exiting at feature: " << feature_count << "\n";
#endif
            break;
        }

        unsigned line_length = csv_line.length();

        // skip blank lines
        if (line_length < 5)
        {
            std::string trimmed = csv_line;
            boost::trim_if(trimmed,boost::algorithm::is_any_of("\",'\r\n"));
            if (trimmed.empty()){
                ++line_number;
                continue;
#ifdef MAPNIK_DEBUG
                std::clog << "CSV Plugin: empty row encountered at line: " << line_number << "\n";
#endif
            }
        }

        try
        {
            Tokenizer tok(csv_line, grammer);
            Tokenizer::iterator beg = tok.begin();

            // early return for strict mode
            if (strict_)
            {
                unsigned num_fields = std::distance(beg,tok.end());
                if (num_fields != num_headers)
                {
                    std::ostringstream s;
                    s << "CSV Plugin: # of headers != # of values parsed for row " << line_number << "\n";
                    throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                }
            }

            mapnik::feature_ptr feature(mapnik::feature_factory::create(ctx_,feature_count));
            double x(0);
            double y(0);
            bool parsed_x = false;
            bool parsed_y = false;
            bool parsed_wkt = false;
            bool null_geom = false;
            std::vector<std::string> collected;

            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_headers; ++i)
            {
                std::string fld_name(headers_.at(i));
                collected.push_back(fld_name);
                std::string value;
                if (beg == tok.end())
                {
                    feature->put(fld_name,tr.transcode(value.c_str()));
                    null_geom = true;
                    if (feature_count == 1)
                    {
                        desc_.add_descriptor(mapnik::attribute_descriptor(fld_name,mapnik::String));
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    value = boost::trim_copy(*beg);
                    ++beg;
                }

                int value_length = value.length();

                // parse wkt
                if (has_wkt_field)
                {
                    if (i == wkt_idx)
                    {
                        // skip empty geoms
                        if (value.empty())
                        {
                            null_geom = true;
                            break;
                        }

                        // optimize simple "POINT (x y)"
                        // using this shaved 2 seconds off csv that took 8 seconds total to parse
                        if (value.find("POINT") == 0)
                        {
                            using boost::phoenix::ref;
                            using boost::spirit::qi::_1;
                            std::string::const_iterator str_beg = value.begin();
                            std::string::const_iterator str_end = value.end();
                            bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,
                                                      (
                                                          qi::lit("POINT") >> '('
                                                          >> double_[ref(x) = _1]
                                                          >> double_[ref(y) = _1] >> ')'
                                                          ),
                                                      ascii::space);

                            if (r && (str_beg == str_end))
                            {
                                mapnik::geometry_type * pt = new mapnik::geometry_type(mapnik::Point);
                                pt->move_to(x,y);
                                feature->add_geometry(pt);
                                parsed_wkt = true;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                std::ostringstream s;
                                s << "CSV Plugin: expected well known text geometry: could not parse row "
                                  << line_number
                                  << ",column "
                                  << i << " - found: '"
                                  << value << "'";
                                if (strict_)
                                {
                                    throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    if (!quiet_) std::clog << s.str() << "\n";
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            if (mapnik::from_wkt(value, feature->paths()))
                            {
                                parsed_wkt = true;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                std::ostringstream s;
                                s << "CSV Plugin: expected well known text geometry: could not parse row "
                                  << line_number
                                  << ",column "
                                  << i << " - found: '"
                                  << value << "'";
                                if (strict_)
                                {
                                    throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    if (!quiet_) std::clog << s.str() << "\n";
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // longitude
                    if (i == lon_idx)
                    {
                        // skip empty geoms
                        if (value.empty())
                        {
                            null_geom = true;
                            break;
                        }

                        try
                        {
                            x = boost::lexical_cast<double>(value);
                            parsed_x = true;
                        }
                        catch(boost::bad_lexical_cast & ex)
                        {
                            std::ostringstream s;
                            s << "CSV Plugin: expected a float value for longitude: could not parse row "
                              << line_number
                              << ", column "
                              << i << " - found: '"
                              << value << "'";
                            if (strict_)
                            {
                                throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                if (!quiet_) std::clog << s.str() << "\n";
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // latitude
                    else if (i == lat_idx)
                    {
                        // skip empty geoms
                        if (value.empty())
                        {
                            null_geom = true;
                            break;
                        }

                        try
                        {
                            y = boost::lexical_cast<double>(value);
                            parsed_y = true;
                        }
                        catch(boost::bad_lexical_cast & ex)
                        {
                            std::ostringstream s;
                            s << "CSV Plugin: expected a float value for latitude: could not parse row "
                              << line_number
                              << ", column "
                              << i << " - found: '"
                              << value << "'";
                            if (strict_)
                            {
                                throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                if (!quiet_) std::clog << s.str() << "\n";
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                // now, add all values as attributes
                /* First we detect likely strings, then try parsing likely numbers,
                   finally falling back to string type
                   * We intentionally do not try to detect boolean or null types
                   since they are not common in csv
                   * Likely strings are either empty values, very long values
                   or value with leading zeros like 001 (which are not safe
                   to assume are numbers)
                */

                bool has_dot = value.find(".") != std::string::npos;
                if (value.empty() ||
                    (value_length > 20) ||
                    (value_length > 1 && !has_dot && value[0] == '0'))
                {
                    feature->put(fld_name,tr.transcode(value.c_str()));
                    if (feature_count == 1)
                    {
                        desc_.add_descriptor(mapnik::attribute_descriptor(fld_name,mapnik::String));
                    }
                }
                else if ((value[0] >= '0' && value[0] <= '9') || value[0] == '-')
                {
                    double float_val = 0.0;
                    std::string::const_iterator str_beg = value.begin();
                    std::string::const_iterator str_end = value.end();
                    bool r = qi::phrase_parse(str_beg,str_end,qi::double_,ascii::space,float_val);
                    if (r && (str_beg == str_end))
                    {
                        if (has_dot)
                        {
                            feature->put(fld_name,float_val);
                            if (feature_count == 1)
                            {
                                desc_.add_descriptor(
                                    mapnik::attribute_descriptor(
                                        fld_name,mapnik::Double));
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            feature->put(fld_name,static_cast<int>(float_val));
                            if (feature_count == 1)
                            {
                                desc_.add_descriptor(
                                    mapnik::attribute_descriptor(
                                        fld_name,mapnik::Integer));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // fallback to normal string
                        feature->put(fld_name,tr.transcode(value.c_str()));
                        if (feature_count == 1)
                        {
                            desc_.add_descriptor(
                                mapnik::attribute_descriptor(
                                    fld_name,mapnik::String));
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // fallback to normal string
                    feature->put(fld_name,tr.transcode(value.c_str()));
                    if (feature_count == 1)
                    {
                        desc_.add_descriptor(
                            mapnik::attribute_descriptor(
                                fld_name,mapnik::String));
                    }
                }
            }

            if (null_geom)
            {
                ++line_number;
                std::ostringstream s;
                s << "CSV Plugin: null geometry encountered for line "
                  << line_number;
                if (strict_)
                {
                    throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                }
                else
                {
                    if (!quiet_) std::clog << s.str() << "\n";
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if (has_wkt_field)
            {
                if (parsed_wkt)
                {
                    if (!extent_initialized)
                    {
                        extent_initialized = true;
                        extent_ = feature->envelope();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        extent_.expand_to_include(feature->envelope());
                    }
                    features_.push_back(feature);
                    ++feature_count;
                }
                else
                {
                    std::ostringstream s;
                    s << "CSV Plugin: could not read WKT geometry "
                      << "for line " << line_number << " - found " <<  headers_.size()
                      << " with values like: " << csv_line << "\n";
                    if (strict_)
                    {
                        throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (!quiet_) std::clog << s.str() << "\n";
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (parsed_x && parsed_y)
                {
                    mapnik::geometry_type * pt = new mapnik::geometry_type(mapnik::Point);
                    pt->move_to(x,y);
                    feature->add_geometry(pt);
                    features_.push_back(feature);
                    ++feature_count;

                    if (!extent_initialized)
                    {
                        extent_initialized = true;
                        extent_ = feature->envelope();

                    }
                    else
                    {
                        extent_.expand_to_include(feature->envelope());
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    std::ostringstream s;
                    if (!parsed_x)
                    {
                        s << "CSV Plugin: does your csv have valid headers?\n"
                          << "Could not detect or parse any rows named 'x' or 'longitude' "
                          << "for line " << line_number << " but found " <<  headers_.size()
                          << " with values like: " << csv_line << "\n"
                          << "for: " << boost::algorithm::join(collected, ",") << "\n";
                    }
                    if (!parsed_y)
                    {
                        s << "CSV Plugin: does your csv have valid headers?\n"
                          << "Could not detect or parse any rows named 'y' or 'latitude' "
                          << "for line " << line_number << " but found " <<  headers_.size()
                          << " with values like: " << csv_line << "\n"
                          << "for: " << boost::algorithm::join(collected, ",") << "\n";
                    }
                    if (strict_)
                    {
                        throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (!quiet_) std::clog << s.str() << "\n";
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
            ++line_number;
        }
        catch(const mapnik::datasource_exception & ex )
        {
            if (strict_)
            {
                throw mapnik::datasource_exception(ex.what());
            }
            else
            {
                if (!quiet_) std::clog << ex.what() << "\n";
            }
        }
        catch(const std::exception & ex)
        {
            std::ostringstream s;
            s << "CSV Plugin: unexpected error parsing line: " << line_number
              << " - found " << headers_.size() << " with values like: " << csv_line << "\n"
              << " and got error like: " << ex.what();
            if (strict_)
            {
                throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
            }
            else
            {
                if (!quiet_) std::clog << s.str() << "\n";
            }
        }
    }
    if (!feature_count > 0)
    {
        if (!quiet_) std::clog << "CSV Plugin: could not parse any lines of data\n";
    }
}

std::string csv_datasource::name()
{
    return "csv";
}

datasource::datasource_t csv_datasource::type() const
{
    return datasource::Vector;
}

mapnik::box2d<double> csv_datasource::envelope() const
{
    if (!is_bound_) bind();

    return extent_;
}

boost::optional<mapnik::datasource::geometry_t> csv_datasource::get_geometry_type() const
{
    if (! is_bound_) bind();
    boost::optional<mapnik::datasource::geometry_t> result;
    int multi_type = 0;
    unsigned num_features = features_.size();
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_features && i < 5; ++i)
    {
        mapnik::util::to_ds_type(features_[i]->paths(),result);
        if (result)
        {
            int type = static_cast<int>(*result);
            if (multi_type > 0 && multi_type != type)
            {
                result.reset(mapnik::datasource::Collection);
                return result;
            }
            multi_type = type;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

mapnik::layer_descriptor csv_datasource::get_descriptor() const
{
    if (!is_bound_) bind();

    return desc_;
}

mapnik::featureset_ptr csv_datasource::features(mapnik::query const& q) const
{
    if (!is_bound_) bind();

    const std::set<std::string>& attribute_names = q.property_names();
    std::set<std::string>::const_iterator pos = attribute_names.begin();
    while (pos != attribute_names.end())
    {
        bool found_name = false;
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < headers_.size(); ++i)
        {
            if (headers_[i] == *pos)
            {
                found_name = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (! found_name)
        {
            std::ostringstream s;

            s << "CSV Plugin: no attribute '" << *pos << "'. Valid attributes are: "
              << boost::algorithm::join(headers_, ",") << ".";

            throw mapnik::datasource_exception(s.str());
        }
        ++pos;
    }

    return boost::make_shared<mapnik::memory_featureset>(q.get_bbox(),features_);
}

mapnik::featureset_ptr csv_datasource::features_at_point(mapnik::coord2d const& pt) const
{
    if (!is_bound_) bind();

    throw mapnik::datasource_exception("CSV Plugin: features_at_point is not supported yet");
}